Formal Fallacies
Navigate the nuanced landscape of formal fallacies, where impeccable logic meets the subtle art of spotting deductive errors and deceptive reasoning.
Informal Fallacies
Explore the realm of informal fallacies to unravel the common yet often overlooked errors in reasoning that shape our everyday arguments and beliefs.
Red Hearing Fallacies
Uncover the deceptive trails of red herring fallacies, where arguments are skillfully diverted to mislead and distract from the original issue at hand.
Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
Embark on a journey through the persuasive power of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos, the foundational pillars of rhetoric that harness credibility, emotion, and logic to sway an audience.
Cognitive Bias
Explore the cognitive bias section to uncover the hidden prejudices and mental shortcuts that shape our perceptions and decisions, often without our conscious awareness.
Argument Structures
“Research the intricate architecture of Argument Structures, where the building blocks of sound reasoning and persuasive discourse are meticulously laid out and analyzed.”
List of Formal Fallacies
| Appeal to probability |
| Appeal to probability fallacy |
| Argument from fallacy |
| fallacy fallacy |
| Logical Fallacy Fallacy |
| Base rate fallacy |
| Conjunction fallacy |
| Non sequitur fallacy |
| Masked-man fallacy |
| Affirming a disjunct |
| Affirming the consequent |
| Denying the antecedent |
| Existential fallacy |
| Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise (illicit negative) |
| Fallacy of exclusive premises |
| Fallacy of four terms (quaternio terminorum) |
| Illicit major |
| Illicit minor |
| Negative conclusion from affirmative premises (illicit affirmative) |
| Fallacy of the undistributed middle |
| Modal fallacy |
| Modal scope fallacy |
List of Informal Fallacies
| Argument to moderation |
| Continuum fallacy |
| Correlative-based fallacies |
| Suppressed correlative |
| Definist fallacy |
| Divine fallacy |
| Double counting |
| Equivocation |
| Ambiguous middle term |
| Definitional retreat |
| Motte-and-bailey fallacy |
| Fallacy of accent |
| Persuasive definition |
| whiskey fallacy |
| Ecological fallacy |
| Etymological fallacy |
| Fallacy of composition |
| Fallacy of division |
| False attribution |
| Fallacy of quoting out of context |
| False authority (single authority) |
| False dilemma (false dichotomy, fallacy of bifurcation, black-or-white fallacy) |
| False equivalence |
| Feedback fallacy |
| Historian’s fallacy |
| Historical fallacy |
| Baconian fallacy |
| Homunculus fallacy |
| Inflation of conflict |
| If-by-whiskey |
| Incomplete comparison |
| Intentionality fallacy |
| Kafkatrapping |
| Kettle logic |
| Ludic fallacy |
| Lump of labour fallacy |
| McNamara fallacy (quantitative fallacy) |
| Mind projection fallacy |
| Moralistic fallacy |
| Moving the goalposts (raising the bar) |
| Nirvana fallacy (perfect-solution fallacy) |
| Package deal |
| Proof by assertion |
| Prosecutor’s fallacy |
| Proving too much |
| Psychologist’s fallacy |
| Referential fallacy |
| Reification (concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) |
| Retrospective determinism |
| Slippery slope (thin edge of the wedge, camel’s nose) |
| Special pleading |
| Begging the question (petitio principii) |
| Loaded label |
| Circular reasoning (circulus in demonstrando) |
| Fallacy of many questions |
| Faulty generalization |
| No true Scotsman |
| Cherry picking |
| Nut-picking |
| Survivorship bias |
| False analogy |
| Hasty generalization |
| Argument from anecdote |
| Inductive fallacy |
| Misleading vividness |
| Overwhelming exception |
| Thought-terminating cliché |
| Cum hoc ergo propter hoc |
| Post hoc ergo propter hoc |
| Wrong direction (reverse causation) |
| Ignoring a common cause |
| Fallacy of the single cause (causal oversimplification) |
| Furtive fallacy |
| Magical thinking – |
| Regression fallacy |
| Gambler’s fallacy |
| Inverse gambler’s fallacy |
| p-hacking |
| Garden of forking paths fallacy |
| Appeal to the stone (argumentum ad lapidem) |
| Invincible ignorance (argument by pigheadedness) |
| Argument from ignorance (appeal to ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam) |
| Argument from incredulity (appeal to common sense) |
| Argument from repetition (argumentum ad nauseam or argumentum ad infinitum) |
| Argument from silence (argumentum ex silentio) |
| Ignoratio elenchi |
List of Red Hearing Fallacies
| Ad hominem |
Circumstantial ad hominem |
Poisoning the well |
Appeal to motive |
| Tone policing |
Traitorous critic fallacy (ergo decedo, ‘Therefore I leave’) |
Appeal to authority |
Appeal to accomplishment |
Courtier’s reply |
Appeal to consequences |
Appeal to emotion |
| Appeal to fear |
Appeal to flattery |
| Appeal to pity |
Appeal to ridicule |
Appeal to spite |
Judgmental language |
| Pooh-pooh |
Style over substance |
Wishful thinking |
Appeal to nature |
Appeal to novelty |
Appeal to poverty |
Appeal to tradition |
Appeal to wealth |
Argumentum ad baculum |
Argumentum ad populum |
Association fallacy |
Logic chopping fallacy |
Ipse dixit (bare assertion fallacy) |
Bulverism (psychogenetic fallacy) |
Chronological snobbery |
Fallacy of relative privation |
Genetic fallacy |
I’m entitled to my opinion |
Moralistic fallacy |
Naturalistic fallacy |
Is–ought fallacy |
Naturalistic fallacy fallacy |
Straw man fallacy |
Texas sharpshooter fallacy |
| Tu quoque |
Two wrongs make a right |
| Vacuous truth |
List of Cognitive Bias
| Bounded rationality Bias |
| Prospect theory Bias |
| Mental accounting bias |
| Adaptive bias |
| Attribute substitution Bias |
| Attribution theory Bias |
| Salience Bias |
| Naïve realism Bias |
| Cognitive dissonance |
| Impression management |
| Self-perception theory |
| Information-processing shortcuts |
| Availability heuristic |
| Representativeness heuristic |
| Affect heuristic |
| The two-factor theory of emotion |
| The somatic markers hypothesis |
| Introspection illusion |
| Misinterpretations or misuse of statistics |
| Social influence |
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